The fluorides,chlorides,bromides and iodides of the alkaline earth metals except beryllium are ionic solids. The salts of Beryllium will not give any colour during flame test. It has high polarising power.īeryllium chloride does not conduct electricity in fused state as it is a covalent compound.It is soluble in organic solvents like benzene and ether.īeryllium chloride acts as a Lewis acid.Due to the presence of vacant orbital in beryllium, it can accept a lone pair of electrons. This is due to small size and highĬharge on the bivalent beryllium ion (Be+2 ion). M+2HX→MX2+H2īy passing a current of chlorine gas on a mixture containing beryllium oxide and carbon at 870 to 1070K beryllium chloride can be prepared.īeryllium halides are covalent in nature. Where M is an alkaline earth metal(Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba) and X is a halogen(F2,Cl2,Br2, I2)įor example, magnesium reacts with chlorine and forms magnesium chlorideīy treating halogen acids with metals, metal hydroxides, metal oxides and metal carbonates the alkaline earth metal halides can be prepared. The general reaction of alkaline earth metals with halogens can be represented as follows: Reactivity of alkaline earth metals with halogensĪll the alkaline earth metals react with halogens directly when heated and form the corresponding halides with the general formula MX2. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride and rubidium chloride form non-hydrated chlorides. The halogen compounds of alkali metals are less hydrated. Lithium chloride is deliquescent and is soluble in alcohol and pyridine.Lithium chloride separates out from solution as hydrated crystals LiCl.2H2O Where M is an alkali metal(Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) and X is a halogen(F2,Cl2,Br2, I2)įor example,sodium reacts with chlorine and forms sodium chlorideįrom lithium to caesium the reactivity of alkali metals with a particular halogen increases in the following order.Įxcept for some lithium halides all the alkali metal halides are ionic in nature.Īll the alkali metal halides are crystalline solids and have high melting and boiling points except lithium halides.The melting points of lithium halides are low due to its covalent nature.Īll the alkali metal halides except lithium halides, in their fused state and in solutions are good conductors of electricity and they are used for the preparation of the corresponding alkali metals.Īll the alkali metal halides are freely soluble in water except lithium fluoride.Lithium halides are sparingly soluble in water. The general reaction of alkali metals with halogen can be represented as follows: Reactivity of alkali metals with halogensĪll the alkali metals react with the halogens directly and form the corresponding halides with the general formula MX. The alkali metals have one electron in their valence shell and possess large atomic sizes due to which they are highly reactive. All the alkali and alkaline earth metals are highly reactive.They react with air, water,hydrogen,halogens and a number of other non metals.
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